Animal Farm: The Tragedy of the Ruled
By Yemi Olakitan
The plots in Animal Farm, an iconic novel written by British author, George Orwell in 1945 were re-enacted to fit the Nigerian context by Austrian trained, Nigerian Actor and Director, Nick Monu who gives a new touch to the novel and created a theatrical performance out of it. The play, written by Monu was produced by Terra Kulture, Nigeria Cultural center as part of their monthly weekly productions for the advancement of theatre arts in Nigeria. Adapted for the theatre to fit the Nigerian socio-political milieu, Animal Farm is originally an allegorical novel that largely made fun of the British ruling class at the time. It discusses corruption in high places and exposes the fruitlessness of regime change without individual rejuvenation in the face of greed and personal aggrandizement.
Monu’s version takes the plots of the original novel and wove it around the challenges of leadership in Africa, particularly Nigeria. It addresses the corruption of leadership in governance and portrays corrupt leadership as the major reason for societal backwardness. The story makes the audience realize that political change can only be beneficial to the majority if the leadership is upright and sincere. By changing the setting to Nigeria and reflecting his home country in the play; Monu is able to show his directorial artistry and the fact that the problems of leadership are largely universal. The playwright also made use of Pidgin English in his use of language and ensure that the audience and the actors were able to get an emotional connection to the issues discussed, ensuring that they see themselves in the scenes and the entire acting.
In the Original story, Old Major, the Old Pig on the Manor Farm, calls the animals for a meeting, where he compares the humans to parasites and enemies. He teaches the animals a revolutionary song, 'Beasts of England, in the adaptation, Nick changes the song to Beasts of Nigeria, Beast of Africa. When Old Major suddenly dies, two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, assume command of the farm and turn his dream into a philosophy, called Animalism. The animals revolt and drive the drunken and irresponsible Mr. Jones who becomes Mr. Obanjo in Monu’s adaptation. They also rename the farm "Animal Farm". Farmer Obanjo is the owner of the farm and he is cruel to the animals, which brings about the revolution that ousts him from his farm.
The Seven Commandments of Animalism are written on the wall of a barn. The most important is the seventh, "All animals are equal’’. This maxim did not last as eventually the story shows that some animals are more equal than the other since the pigs consider themselves cleverer than the other animals and are therefore born to rule. They begin to change the commandments to favour their corruption. The pigs steal from the farm while some of the animals complain that even in the days of Farmer Obanjo, things were better.
Snowball attempts to teach the animals reading and writing; food is plentiful, and the farm could have continued to run smoothly. However, the pigs continue to elevate themselves to high positions of leadership and set aside special food items, ostensibly for their personal comfort. They sleep in beds and drink milk set aside in the farm. Napoleon even brought in a human being named Mr. Whymper, a solicitor living in Lagos to act as the intermediary between the animal farm and the outside world. Mr. Whymper visits the farm regularly and received instructions from Napoleon. This is clearly against the philosophy of Animalism as laid down by Old Major.
Napoleon and Snowball struggle for leadership in the play, which shows the mad ambition that often exits in political rivalry. It shows how politicians sometimes antagonize one another to the detriment of the larger society. Snowball and Napoleon struggle for political power as modern day politicians do, often trying to outdo each other and to bring the other down.
Obanjo Farms, owned and managed by Farmer Obanjo whose name sounds like Obasanjo, except for the letter S that got missing, is a prototype of dictatorship and oppression. Obanjo owns and runs his farm the way he feels like, he is always cruel to the animals. It tells the story of the suppression the animals suffers and shows the effects of bad leadership. The animals decided quite wrongly that the only enemy they had in life was Man which led to a revolution on the advice of Old Major, the pig that motivated the animals before his passing. They however did not know that humans are not the problem, bad leadership was the problem of the animals, even with the change in leadership, bad leadership continues and the animals continue to suffer even more.
The production was a hilarious and thought provoking performance and a satire on the Nigerian society. It shows that even with the change from military dictatorship to democratic governance, there still remains the problem of greed, corruption, and man inhumanity to man, which keeps the governed in perpetual servitude. It was also a satire on Africa as a whole since Monu introduced Beasts of Africa to the animal anthem and the issues discussed are not peculiar to Nigeria alone. It concerns the entire continent. This fable calls for responsible leadership in a developing nation such as Nigeria and indeed Africa.
Nick Monu who acted farmer Obanjo is a brilliant actor who displayed his vast acting and directorial experience in the production. He acted farmer Obanjo. The set and costume Designs was done by Simeone Monu.The performance parades a handful of highly talented Nigerian actors and actresses such as Bayode abiflarin, Toritseju Ejoh, Titlayo Akinmoye, and Mawuyon Ogun, Nnamudi Ugbagu. It is a joint production of Terra Kulture and Monu and Monu Productions under the patronage of the Commercial Counselor of the Austrian Embassy, Ms. Nella Hengstler. Power Horse and Four Points by Sheraton sponsor it. Julius Berger Nigeria Plc provides stage elements. Supreme Lace Limited provided costume materials.
Born in 1965 in Lagos, Nicholas Monu has a career that spans the full range of his profession. He had a British education in the famous mill field and St. Andrews boarding schools; Nicholas studied Performing Arts in the United States. He studied at Webber Douglas academy of Dramatic art in London. Nicholas has been since then, one of Britain’s most demanded young actors, playing in most of the islands major theatres including the royal Shakespeare company, the national theatre, and the royal court, the Moscow arts theatre and at the National Theatre of Nigeria
